Spatiotemporal changes in Indian land aridity : An assessment based on the CRU data and UNEP’s aridity index

Abstract

This study delves into the nuanced dynamics of aridity patterns over Indian land from 1901 to 2021, crucial for informed land and water management amidst rising demands and climate uncertainties. Employing the CRU dataset and UNEP's aridity index, the research identifies five aridity categories and conducts a meticulous spatio-temporal analysis. Utilizing the MK-trend analysis method, significant trends are discerned, elucidating shifts in hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, and humid lands. Notably, a diminishing trend is observed in hyper-arid, arid, and humid areas, while semi-arid and sub-humid areas exhibit expansion. Intriguingly, transformations between aridity types underscore the evolving landscape, with many formerly arid regions transitioning towards greater humidity and many humid regions experience heightened aridity, possibly influenced by changing temperature and rainfall patterns. These findings underscore the complex interplay of climate factors shaping India's aridity landscape, necessitating further research for a comprehensive understanding of localized aridity dynamics.