Northeast monsoon rainfall and agricultural production in Tamilnadu and Andhra PradeshI - Rainfall variability and its significance in agricultural production

Abstract

ekWulwu Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gS tks —f"k dks izR;{k% :i  ls izHkkfor djrk gS D;ksafd ;g ,d pkSFkkbZ th-Mh-ih- vkSj —f"k ij fuHkZj 60 izfr’kr turk dh vkthfodk dks izHkkfor djrk gSA Hkkjr esa eq[;r% nf{k.k&if’peh ekWulwu +_rq ds nkSjku o"kkZ gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa vDrwcj ls fnlEcj ds nkSjku fo’ks"kdj iwohZ vkSj nf{k.kh jkT;ksa esa ekulwuksRrj vof/k] ftls mRrj iwohZ ekWulwu dgrs gS] esa Hkh dkQh o"kkZ gksrh gSA ;g o"kkZ —f"k ds fy, vkSj bu {ks=ksa ds lac) lsDVjksa ds fy, dkQh egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA

rfeyukMq ds iwohZ rVh; ftyksa esa nf{k.k ls mRrj rd o"kkZ esa o`f) dh izo`fRr  dk irk pyk gSA blds foijhr vka/kz izns’k ds rVh; nf{k.k iwohZ ftyksa esa vf/kd vkSj mRrj iwohZ Hkkxksa esa o"kkZ esa deh dh izo`fRr dk irk pyk gSA vka/kz izns’k dh vis{kk rfeyukMq esa o"kkZ dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k mRrj iwohZ ekulwu dk nf{k.k if’pe ekulwu o"kkZ dh rqyuk esa —f"k mRiknu ij vf/kd izHkko dk irk pyrk gSA —f"k mRiknu ij o"kkZ ds izHkko ds v/;;uksa ls vka/kz izns’k esa pkoy vkSj eDdk ds mRiknu esa mRrj iwohZ ekWulwu ds ldkjkRed izHkko dk irk pyk gSA eDdk dh mit esa yxkrkj ldkjkRed izo`fRr dk irk pyk gSA mRrj iwohZ ekulwu _rq ds nkSjku vka/kz izns’k ds rVh; ftyksa dh rqyuk esa rfeyukMq ds rVh; ftyksa esa pØokr ;k vonkc dh otg ls Hkkjh ls vf/kd Hkkjh o"kkZ vkSj ck<+ ds dkj.k  mRiknu dh deh vkbZ gSA

ifjofrZrk ds ckjs esa mfpr tkudkjh rFkk mRrj iwohZ ekulwu o"kkZ ds ekSleh iwokZuqeku ds lkFk&lkFk —f"k izpkyuksa ds fy, fofo/k uhfr;ksa dk fodkl djus ls bu {ks=ksa ds —f"k vkSj tylalk/ku lsDVjksa ds fy, fu.kZ; ysus esa egRoiw.kZ vuqiz;ksx Hkwfedk gksxhA

 Monsoon which directly impacts agriculture is an important component of Indian economy because it influences about a quarter of the GDP and livelihood of 60% of the population who depend on agriculture for their livelihood. India receives rainfall mainly during southwest monsoon season. A considerable rainfall also occurs in India during the post monsoon period called as northeast monsoon during October to December, particularly over eastern and southern states and this is of great significance in agriculture and allied sectors in these regions.

                Increasing trend of rainfall is noticed from south to north in eastern coastal districts of Tamilnadu. On the contrary, it is higher in coastal southeast districts with decreasing trend in northeast parts of Andhra Pradesh. NE monsoon shows greater impact on agricultural production due to its higher quantum of rainfall compared to that of southwest monsoon rain in Tamilnadu than that in Andhra Pradesh. Studies on impact of rainfall on agricultural production revealed positive impact of NE monsoon on rice and maize production in AP. Maize yield is found to exhibit a consistent positive trend.  Loss in production due to heavy to very heavy rain and flooding associated with cyclone or depression was more prominent along the coastal districts of Tamilnadu than that in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh during northeast monsoon season.

                Proper understanding of the variability and developing diversified strategies for agricultural operations alongwith the seasonal prediction of northeast monsoon rainfall would have considerable application value for decision making in agriculture and water resource sectors of these regions.